This format dates from the advent of the Leica (and a few others) in the late 20s. The size of 135 film (24x36mm) was originally 'double frame' since the motion picture film on which the format was based made a single frame exposure that was half the size and went from sprocket to sprocket for a horizontal frame. (That's why 116 and 616 were so popular, it was the smallest negative that gave a decent-sized contact print.) The increasing prevalence of enlarging is what did in the 122 film format in 1973, and the 116 and 616 film formats in about 1980. So you will find that many period prints are on 3x5 inch paper contact printed from a 116/616 negative with 1/4 inch margins. It was only 127 and smaller negatives that got enlarged. Lots of B&W prints were still contact prints, Velox paper was made in a great number of sizes, one for each common film format with a white margin. In this era, Kodakcolor prints were 2-7/8 high, and their length was chosen to match the frame format of the negative - no cropping. The film was mostly Verichrome or Verichrome Pan (both B&W) after 1955, and a little Kodacolor. 127 in many image formats (4x3 cm, 4x4 cm, and 4圆 cm) remained VERY popular, and 120 and 620 were still popular. The even larger 122 size (3.25 by 5.5 inch negative) was fading, but available until 1973. Kodak had only just stopped making 616 size cameras, but that film size (and 116) were still popular, with a 2.5 x 4.5 inch negative.
The 35mm cameras were expensive, for advanced amateurs. However, realize that in the 1950's, most snap-shooters still shot "roll" film, not 35mm film. So that's what you printed on if you wanted "4R" prints. In the 1950's, there was no 4圆 paper size, but there was a 4x5 paper size. Most formats for printing 35mm film have required cropping the long ends of the picture, few paper formats are in the 2:3 ratio required.ģ-1/2 by 5 prints (Kodak called this 3R size) were the common size for machine made prints from 35mm film, until 4圆 took over about 15-20 years ago.
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